Maximum Force

What it measures

Maximum Force measures explosivity and strength

Outcome measures

Maximum Concentric Force

An increase in score on this outcome should be interpreted as an improvement. Higher scores are better.

Maximum Eccentric Force

An increase in score on this outcome should be interpreted as an improvement. Higher scores are better.

How it measures

"Peak CON and ECC force (N) was measured using the multiple-joint isokinetic dynamometer (Exerbotics). The exercise selected for testing was the chest press. Each subject assumed a sitting position on the device, was properly fitted and stabilized, and the exercise range of motion was established and standardized for all subsequent sessions. Range of motion was established so that the dynamometer arm was aligned with the torso at one end (i.e., at the beginning of the CON phase) and to a position of ∼5-10° of full elbow extension at the opposite end (i.e., at the end of the CON phase). Duration was set at 3 seconds for each CON and ECC phase. Subjects performed 3 maximal repetitions consecutively, and the highest CON and ECC force output was recorded for analysis. For the ECC phase, each subject was instructed to resist the dynamometer arm as maximally as possible. For the CON phase, each subject was instructed to “push” as maximally as possible. Force was measured via force transducers built into the dynamometer and was displayed on the computer monitor located directly in front of the subject. The isokinetic device produced real-time force output thereby enabling the subject to visualize effort and adjust force output accordingly. Peak CON and ECC force was measured each time the subjects came to the laboratory after a general warm-up."